Nanotechnology is a breakthrough approach that radically changed science and our life. Its introduction in many application fields opened the possibility of leveraging fundamental mechanisms at the nanoscale to control all the basic properties (structural, chemical, electronic, and optical) of a microsystem. Nowadays, this enables the development of innovative devices with enhanced capabilities, improved performance, and lower power consumption. Recent studies predict a massive Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology deployment to monitor the environment, buildings, transport, people, etc. However, this large-scale development poses huge challenges for a sustainable energy-efficient infrastructure. With such needs, device fabrication, recyclability, life-cycle assessment and energy consumption are key factors, potentially leading to ecological challenges.